In this interview, Wee Han from a Malaysian rare earth company discusses the potential for Asia to build a rare earth supply chain outside China. He highlights Malaysia's focus on ionic clay rare earths, the importance of heavy rare earths like terbium and dysprosium, and the need for horizontal collaboration across countries to overcome China's dominance in processing.
A short editorial from the VEONIB team on why this content matters.
The video argues that breaking China's rare earth dominance requires not a single rival but a network of cross-border collaborations, with Malaysia playing a key role in heavy rare earths.
SEONIB's AI-driven analysis highlights that the real bottleneck is processing technology, not mining, and that data-driven policy can accelerate horizontal partnerships—an angle often missed in geopolitical discussions.
Policymakers and industry leaders in Asia should watch this to understand the strategic value of niche rare earths and pursue collaborative frameworks to secure supply chains.
A group of 17 chemically similar metals crucial for modern technologies like magnets, batteries, and electronics.
A type of rare earth deposit found in weathered granite, often rich in valuable heavy rare earth elements.
Rare earths like terbium and dysprosium, essential for high-performance magnets and other advanced applications.
Powerful magnets made from rare earth elements, used in electric vehicles, wind turbines, and electronics.
Cross-border partnerships between countries to combine strengths in rare earth mining, processing, and manufacturing.
China's near-monopoly on rare earth processing, controlling a large share of global supply.
Why is rare earth quality more important than quantity?
Different rare earths have unique properties, and high-value applications like super magnets or semiconductors require specific elements. The right composition in ore is more critical than just producing large volumes.
How much of rare earth processing does China control?
China controls about 85% of light rare earth processing and close to 100% of heavy rare earth processing.
Can a single country replicate China's rare earth supply chain?
It is very challenging because China spent decades building the entire chain from mining to manufacturing. No single country or company can easily replicate that vertical integration.
What rare earths is Malaysia focusing on?
Malaysia focuses on ionic clay rare earths, which are rich in heavy rare earths like terbium, dysprosium, and yttrium.
What are heavy rare earths used for?
Heavy rare earths like terbium and dysprosium are used in super magnets, while yttrium is essential for semiconductors and jet engine coatings.
Why is cross-border collaboration important for rare earth supply?
Because no single country has all the resources and capabilities, combining strengths across countries can accelerate the development of a sustainable supply chain.
What does sustainable rare earth supply mean?
It means ensuring a long-term, secure supply of critical minerals while also maintaining environmental sustainability and community acceptance.
Are rare earths used in large quantities?
No, rare earths are often used in small quantities, but they are essential for many high-tech products. For example, lutetium is needed in only kilograms for MRI machines but is critical.
What is the current state of rare earth supply chain outside China?
It is still at the very beginning. Policy support and horizontal collaboration are needed to build a more sustainable and diversified supply chain.
How does Malaysia's rare earth mining differ from traditional mining?
Malaysia uses ionic clay deposits, which are different from mineral-based deposits like monazite and xenotime, and are richer in heavy rare earths.